What do I need to read to understand g: and s: VIM variable prefixes?

What do I need to read to understand g: and s: VIM variable prefixes?
This one is hard to guess for the built in help, and Google isn't
helping.

The root of the issue is trying to figure out why g:someVariable can
be seen in SomeFunction() but cannot be seen in s:AnotherFunction().
What is the s: for that precedes the second function's name, and why
does it change scope (s for scope, perhaps)? Thanks.

--
Dotan Cohen

http://gibberish.co.il
http://what-is-what.com

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