What is fuzzy matching?

The help for :vimgrep (in quickfix.txt with "Last change: 2021 Feb
05", maybe that date is in error) now mentions an [f] flag without
saying what it does. One recent vim_dev thread makes me think that
with the 'f' flag "fuzzy matching" is used. So I used :helpgrep
\<fuzzy\> and found several mentions of fuzzy matching, but AFAICT
they all assume that the reader knows what fuzzy matching is. Nowhere
did I see the expression defined. So what is fuzzy matching?

Best regards,
Tony.

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