How to detect the file type in vimrc?

Greetings!

How does one detect the file type in .vimrc? AFAIU, 'filetype' setting is
not yet set when .vimrc is processed. The following check doesn't
work in .vimrc:

if &filetype==cpp
...

I want to distinguish between 'c' and 'cpp' for *.h files in which
the file type is specified in the modline. Is there a function which
can be called for reading the modline? I know that one can use autocmd,
when the file type read from the modline is already set, but is there a
way to get the modline variables in .vimrc?

Thanks,
Albert.

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